一类具有饱和发生率和心理作用的随机SIR传染病模型

考虑一类受环境噪声影响, 具有饱和发生率和心理作用的随机SIR传染病模型. 通过构造Lyapunov函数并利用Ito公式, 得到该模型正解的全局存在唯一性, 并证明： 当随机基本再生数R*≤1时, 无病平衡点是随机渐近稳定的, 此时疾病将灭绝； 当R*>1时, 疾病将随机持续下去. 数值模拟结果验证了理论结果的正确性.     

低氧LiF–NdF3熔盐体系阳极过程的电化学行为研究

The oxidation of oxygen ions and the generation of an anode effect at a low oxygen content of 150 mg/kg were discussed in this paper. Cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry tests were conducted to explore the anodic processes of LiF–NdF₃ melt after a lengthy period of pre-electrolysis purification at 1000°C (during which the oxygen content reduced from 413 to 150 mg/kg). The oxidation process of oxygen ions was found to have two stages: oxidation product adsorption and CO/CO₂ gas evolution. The adsorption stage was controlled by diffusion, whereas the gas evolution was controlled by the electrochemical reaction. In comparison with oxygen content of 413 mg/kg, the decrease in the amplitude of the current at low oxygen content of 150 mg/kg was much gentler during the forward scanning process when the anode effect occurred. Fluorine-ion oxidation peaks that occurred at about 4.2 V vs. Li/Li+ could be clearly observed in the reverse scanning processes, in which fluorine ions were oxidized and perfluorocarbons were produced, which resulted in an anode effect.     

生产成本信息不对称下零售商风险厌恶的回购契约

探索在市场价格随机条件下,生产成本信息不对称零售商风险厌恶时,采用回购契约协调二级供应链的内在规律.构建新的条件下的回购契约模型并求解,分析信息不对称和风险厌恶对供应链上各决策变量的影响.通过算例仿真进行了验证,研究结果发现:在市场价格随机条件下,不管生产成本信息是否对称,只要零售商存在风险厌恶,供应链上各决策变量都会发生分岔突变的现象;不管零售商是否风险厌恶,生产成本信息不对称都会给供应商带来额外的收益,但会损害零售商与整个供应链的收益;信息越不对称,供应链上的各种决策变量在分岔突变区域的振幅越大.结论是:分岔突变现象是价格随机条件下,参与者风险厌恶时存在的一种特有现象;供应商能够通过隐瞒私人信息带来额外的收益,但损害零售商和供应链的利益;零售商应对生产成本信息不对称的最好办法就是以最低的成本使生产成本信息透明;零售商以平稳的心态面对各种外部风险,更有利于科学决策.     

跳扩散下汇率变动的外商直接投资问题研究

本文在跳扩散环境下研究了汇率变动对外商直接投资的影响.首先,通过Ito公式,推导得出跳扩散环境下以本币表示的风险资产价格动力学方程.然后在终端财富预期效用最大化标准下,利用HJB方程推导最优投资策略,得出最优动态资产配置策略的近似解.最后对结果进行数值分析,定量分析了跳和汇率变化对投资商最优资产配置策略的影响.     

一类具有转移和治疗机制的随机结核病模型的平稳分布与灭绝

考虑一类具有转移和治疗机制的肺结核传播模型在随机扰动下的动力学行为. 首先, 通过Lyapunov分析方法得到该模型正解的存在和唯一性； 然后利用Has’minskii理论证明该模型存在唯一的平稳分布； 最后通过随机分析方法得到该模型疾病消失的条件.     

Modeling eBay price using stochastic differential equations

Online auctions have become increasingly popular in recent years. There is a growing body of research on this topic, whereas modeling online auction price curves constitutes one of the most interesting problems. Most research treats price curves as deterministic functions, which ignores the random effects of external and internal factors. To account for the randomness, a more realistic model using stochastic differential equations is proposed in this paper. The online auction price is modeled by a stochastic differential equation in which the deterministic part is equivalent to the second‐order differential equation model proposed in Wang et al. (Journal of the American Statistical Association, 2008, 103, 1100–1118). The model also includes a component representing the measurement errors. Explicit expressions for the likelihood function are also obtained, from which statistical inference can be conducted. Forecast accuracy of the proposed model is compared with the ODE (ordinary differential equation) approach. Simulation results show that the proposed model performs better.     

带有通胀风险的退休后期最优投资管理

考虑通货膨胀的影响,研究了一个确定缴费养老计划退休后期最优投资决策问题.自退休时刻开始,退休者定期从账户里抽取一定的金额维持日常支出,然后将剩余的财富投资于一个无风险资产、一个股票指数和一个通胀指数债券,直到强制购买年金的时刻.为保障退休后的正常生活,退休者在每个时刻设定投资的目标值,采取二次效用函数衡量投资财富水平和目标值的差距,并选择最优的投资策略以最小化平均累计差距.运用动态规划和随机控制方法,得到了没有上方惩罚的目标值、最优投资策略、最优值函数、破产概率以及终端财富与目标值差距的分布函数等指标的显式表达式.运用数学分析和数值分析手段,得到了每个时刻目标值的性质,分析了终端目标值和消费金额对破产概率的影响,研究了物价指数的瞬间变化率和波动率对财富值与目标值的差距、各时刻财富均值以及破产概率的影响.     

带有Lévy跳的随机捕食-食饵系统动力学行为

研究带有Lévy跳的随机捕食-食饵模型的动力学行为.主要通过构造恰当的Lyapunov函数,使用It公式证明了系统全局正解的存在唯一性,给出了系统随机持久、灭绝的充分条件,通过数值模拟进一步说明了所得理论结果的正确性.     

平滑移动过程的矩完全收敛性

本文研究了基于φ-混合序列的平均移动过程的矩完全收敛性,主要工作是在Kim,Ko的基础上将矩完全收敛性推广至q阶矩,并将其中的结论作为本文的特例给出。     

原始方程组对黏性系数的连续依赖性

考虑了柱形区域上带振荡随机力的大尺度海洋三维原始方程组的连续依赖性。运用微分不等式技术,推导了方程组解的先验界,采取能量分析的办法,得到了方程组的解对黏性系数的连续依赖性。